Kemal Pasha (the operetta is Kemal Pasha (real)

Of course not in German operetta during the First World War. There was censorship in Austria too—nowhere near as bad as the military censorship in Israel today, but it did exist. No one was allowed to make fun of the head of state of Turkey, the caliph, or his ministers. But after the war, and/or in England, they were. I have a vague memory that it was even mentioned on Wiki once.